Cyclamen, also known as rabbit flower, radish Begonia, a Victor, primrose. Is a perennial herb flower bulbs. Native to the Mediterranean coast, is a semi-cold tolerance of plants are now cultivated in South and North.
I. Introduction
France Morel F1 generation of the company's main products have the following three series:
Ha Liao (Halios): is a large flower products , plant type round dense, sturdy, uniformly lush flowers, leaves a lasting and beautiful flower, flowering period is October - March the following year, can withstand high temperatures and strong sunlight, short production cycle, the choice of 12-20cm pots with the seed production of 8 - 9 months (32-36 weeks) may be flowering, seed production and growth of 4 --- after the basin 5 months (16-20 weeks) may be flowering; which includes 16 varieties of bright color and 1 very modern taste the flame pattern blending, in 2000 also introduced a new improved color of fresh products Begonia.
Maserati Virginia (Latinia): is a variety of flowers, plants the same symmetry, flowers, large, dense, concentrated flowering quantity, can continue to bloom, flowering in September - the following year in February, early maturity, short incubation period, selects a 10-13cm pots, planting production 7-8 months (28-31 weeks) may be flowering, seed production and the growth of the basin 3-4 months (12-15 weeks) may be flowering; There are 10 color varieties, including three with flavor.
mini-series (Metis): are miniature cyclamen, spend more, bright, lasting flowering, flowering in September - the following year in February, the cultivation period is short, ultra-miniature potted plant cultivation 6cm, the choice of 8 - 10cm pot, planting production 6-7 months (25-28 weeks) may be flowering, seed production and growth of the basin after 3 months (10-13 weeks) flowering; It includes two solid species (red and white) and 3 blended varieties.
Second, the cultivation and management
(a) planting
1, sowing time: sowing time spent by the product time to market and the growth period to determine the species, but also consideration of environmental conditions on the growth speed, the year can be planted any season.
2, seeding equipment: Conditional available planter, it is best to use the plug diameter 2cm.
3, Matrix: 90% of the screening and 10% ash peat mixture of fine gravel substrate, PH value of 5.6-5.8. Matrix can be added for each side 500g15-15-30 (N - P - K) fertilizer, and appropriate to add control of Fusarium medicine, to prevent root rot.
4, sowing: the installed plug matrix compaction, pressure in the middle of a small crater per hole sowing the seeds in the center, then cover the 5mm vermiculite. Water, so that the full wet substrate, seeds can be soaked (24 ℃ water for 24 hours) and dry seed broadcast method of sowing, germination after sowing the plug into the room, to keep black state at a temperature of 18 ℃, relative Humidity 90% of the cases, 20 days after emergence; emergence, it will plug into the greenhouse shelves, in order to ensure the Qimiao required to maintain proper humidity and temperature controlled at 18-20 ℃, light intensity maintained at 5klux. Into the greenhouse, the need to water immediately, but not excessive, so as to avoid the breeding of Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium seedling rot arise; 7 weeks after sowing fertilization with water, fertilizer concentration of 0.45 grams per liter of N-P-K (1: 0.7:2) of the compound, conductive rate 0.8ms/cm.
(b) transplantation
1, transplantation time: 8-9 weeks after sowing the seed should be transplanted changer, no later than 10 weeks, to avoid injury when transplanted roots.
2, Plug: Available diameter 3.5cm, depth 3.5cm light-colored plug transplant seedlings, to avoid the black plug.
3, Matrix: matrix formulation with the nursery, but some of the peat to be thicker.
4, Transplantation: Transplant seedlings when the matrix can not be too wet, when planting bulbs to remain below the surface in the matrix after transplantation, not to cut through the solid matrix, the orientation of the leaves as much as possible consistent in order to fully by the light, neat appearance, the night temperature is maintained at 17-19 ℃, the maximum light intensity should not exceed 20klux; to fully watered after transplanting to the same form as rain for irrigation. When the seedlings grew to 3 true leaves, they shall be appropriate to reduce the substrate humidity, to prevent the upward petiole growth of lighting; appropriate adjustments based on the size of seedling fertilizer concentration, remember, the smaller seedlings, fertilizer concentration should be smaller, the required fertilizer ratio of 1:0.7:2 (NPK), after transplantation of pest prevention, treatment volume to remain moderate and prevent injury.
(c) of the basin
1, the basin time: 15-17 weeks after sowing the pots.
2, with the basin size: according to the variety of requirements and local consumption habits may be, better water permeability.
3, Matrix: 90% yellow peat and perlite mixed matrix of 10%, PH value is 5.6-5.8, should have a certain permeability, air permeability, the basin must be new matrix, matrix available 15:11:21 (N-P-K) of the compound, but the dosage should be based on the size of the plant cultivation:
dense plant type standard fertilizer
fertilizer (kg / square matrix) 1 0.5 0.5
Morel companies are using the company's cyclamen EGO special matrix, the matrix permeability is good, is a high quality mixture of peat and perlite.
4, the basin: the basin, should reduce the amount of water to make it a little dry, to take out the bulbs. Matrix on the basin should maintain a certain humidity, but not agglomerated. Basin will be planted the ball gently into the center of attention not to hurt the root; the basin after the basin closely placed first 4 weeks, in order to create a better micro-climate, 4 weeks after the basin should adjust spacing to improve plant growth so close plant type, early flowering, increased disease resistance; the basin -3 weeks after the 15 days only watering bulbs must be kept moist. Substrate surface,Discount UGG boots, the phenomenon should not appear dry, otherwise the impact of the ball under the bar end of the root, root watering and matrix standard is to completely soaked, but the water will not be out of pots. Pouring water but less frequently. To prevent the substrate drying, should be kept moist throughout the root; Cyclamen no change in the length of the reaction of sunlight. Plant growth and flowering plants mainly affected the central part of the acceptable amount of light effects (light intensity and the number of hours during the day light.) Light intensity was 40klux, more than 50klux, to take appropriate shading. When entering the fall, weaken the intensity of sunshine, it should promptly remove the shade net, too late, it will affect the intensity of light; better ventilated greenhouse, greenhouse windows and side windows should have a roof, so that good air circulation, when the temperature is too high When the appropriate temperature, when using micro-mist cooling, should be properly ventilated to prevent excessive humidity, resulting in tissue softening, bacteria; fertilizer in the pots 15 days after -3 weeks after the start. Initial fertilizer fertilizer formula for the 1:0.7:2, conductivity 1.2mS/cm. As the plant increases, the conductivity can be increased to 1.8mS/cm. Fertilizer can be applied with water into. By adjusting the concentration of nutrient solution can change the growth rate of plants, and fertilizer application method, quantitative regulation of plant growth, balanced fertilizer can be bred into a uniform plant type flower pots if the application amount after the increase in potassium, or reduce the nitrogen fertilizer volume is more conducive to the development of bulbs and roots. Slow release fertilizer as the speed is affected by temperature, it is recommended not to use slow release fertilizer; use GA to promote flower, it will soften the petiole, the flower deformation, affect their view, it is recommended do not use; proposed removing the first open 3-4 flowers to encourage more buds germination, flowers must be carefully observed during the temperature and ventilation to prevent infection caused by Botrytis cinerea produced flowers.
Third, common pests and insects
1, Fusarium: Cyclamen extremely ill, should be planted in a clean, unobstructed drainage areas. Fusarium diseases are the main, it is often hidden in the seedlings, until the disease after transplant seedlings; in the transport process must pay attention to temperature and humidity management, and strict disinfection,UGG boots cheap, soil, flower pots also disinfected. Yellow seedlings will be thrown away, many growers in the fifth week after transplantation, are applied Celerys or Mycostop to prevent it.
2, cyclamen wilt disease: seedling transplant seedlings after the stems, poor leaf development, leaf side of a black fungus. Petiole and stem vascular system of the ball, appeared light red lesions; stubble organs have large areas of light orange spores, the disease will spread rapidly; removal of diseased plants, the application of Euparen control.
3, soft root rot: symptoms are sudden Danian plants, then it lodging, small bulbs; the main reason for the bulbs buried too deep, high temperature or humidity, etc.; to avoid the use of the hot season water spray means.
4, Botrytis cinerea: flowers and leaves of the presence of soft rot, take there spots and gray mold. Lower the temperature, increase ventilation, increased seedling spacing, do not pay attention to the night temperature is too low, can be applied fungicides control fungi.
5, tomato spotted wilt fungus (TSWV): symptoms appear as yellow or brown petiole ring, flower deformation, plants stop growing. The disease spread more by the thrips, insect control can control the disease.
6, cyclamen spider: it will cause leaf distortion, curling, some of pale flowers, stem distortion. To the insect control.
IV
mini mini cyclamen Cyclamen is a new species, by growers and consumers. These and other similar varieties of cyclamen with cultivation, has its special requirements. Mini Cyclamen growing season is short (6-7 months), some of the color of flowers and pleasant aroma, which will further increase the attractiveness to consumers. Mini Cyclamen generally applicable to species in the 8-10 cm pot.
one nursery: Mini Cyclamen is seedling seed. In order to achieve the best breeding results, it is necessary Seeds are sown in moist peat ash. Seed material to be stamped. Can also be broadcast to the open board seedlings, but also make the trip to spread, or broadcast into a larger hole in the nursery seedling tray. To maintain moisture during germination uniform. Germination takes about 3-4 weeks. To achieve the best breeding results must be kept at 18-20 ℃ temperature between. After emergence, the seedlings need ample sunlight, humidity should be spraying them regularly to maintain high relative humidity.
Second, the basin: Move seedlings generally omitted, can be directly on the basin. After about 120 days after sowing. Such as seed separation can be carried out in 80 days after sowing. Planting seedlings in the seedling tray seedlings too close or if a growth uneven emergence of seedlings, transplant seedlings can be a little ahead of time.
seedlings to grow small bulbs will move seedlings, transplant seedlings needed to maintain the parallel with the soil surface. Planting too deep will cause crown rot.
Matrix: To use mainly composed of peat, sterile non-toxic, water permeability good matrix. Can add to the amount of sand, vermiculite or perlite.
fertilization: transplant seedlings, the total nutrient fertilizer regularly with 15-15-30 fertilizer. Concentration than the standard size of fertilization on fertilization cyclamen slightly lower concentration. Whether watering, fertilization and temperature control of the ultimate goal: to keep the plants compact dwarf-like, mini-style-type trees can be maintained with flower pots proportions.
watering: mini cyclamen, Cyclamen than the standard size drier growing number of environmental requirements.
temperature: transplant seedlings 5-6 weeks after the previous night, the temperature should be maintained at 18-20 ℃. After the night the temperature can be reduced to 16 ℃. The temperature can be slightly higher during the day (18 ℃). Temperature will reduce plant growth rate.
planting late, night temperatures can drop too low, but at low temperature, we must maintain a well-ventilated. Leaves too dense crown will increase if the disease the opportunity to cyclamen.
light: with the general requirements of Cyclamen.
five, cyclamen purchase and maintenance
1, to buy time: Cyclamen is a flower likes the cold, flowering for the winter and spring, this time to buy, Watch the best of it, but this time the family environmental conditions (day temperature 25 degrees below,UGG boots clearanc, night temperatures above 10 degrees) can usually achieve Cyclamen growth, flowering requirements, maintenance is relatively easy.
Plant: vigorous growth, no pests; plant type and tidy, compact, Zhou Zheng, not skewed, scattered; Corolla and the proportion of suitable pots.
bulb: not bad, does not crack; exposed soil surface 1/3-1/2.
leaves: leaves thick and flexible, is the growth a good sign. At the same time to be flat leaves, arranged in order, and a certain number of buds; not too long, too short or too large, too small, deformed leaves and leaf, and no disease, insect, yellow, withered leaves; petiole stout, of medium length in order to cover the basin along the leaf, not exposed soil is appropriate.
Flower: bright color, no pests,UGG shoes, the rabbit ear-shaped flowers turn was to compare the subject of open love. According to plant type and flower stalk length size varies. Large, medium flower to flower and leaf cyclamen blow between the length of some appropriate, flowers cyclamen can be slightly shorter. Ye Qun bouquet requires the central upright, neatly drawn students, the same flowers, lush even, and there are many flower buds ready (some leaves can be seen, and some can be seen gently separate the leaves) in order to maintain a longer flowering period.
In addition, the current market, greatly increased the proportion of soilless cultivation of cyclamen. Cyclamen like clean, beautiful, but do not understand conservation of friends to buy home, often not knowing the time to add nutrient solution, resulting in weak plant growth or even death. So, be sure to ask what the time of purchase and maintenance points cultivation methods in order to take corresponding measures.
2, growth and environment: Cyclamen . Optimum temperature was 15-20 degrees, humidity 75% -80%. 3500-4500 lux light, which is the hi bright light. General family environment it all unbearable, so to create some conditions, to help it slowly adjust. Cyclamen
bought back half shade should be placed in a cool environment (living room, back porch, bathroom, etc.), should not be placed in the top of the radiator. Dihydrogen phosphate 0.1% available KH2PO4) liquid mist spray leaves, do not spray to the petals. Since then regular water to 2-leaf gradually see the scattered light after 3 days. See the future to keep the soil wet dry see, about 1 hour a day ventilation.
buy golden cyclamen in the New Year and Spring Festival, at the moment is the coldest time of year, get to the After above-mentioned adaptation period to make it to the ventilation arrangements, sunny place, preferably 6-7 hours of sun a day in the sun. If it is not enough light, incandescent lamps can be used to supplement. Watering when I saw the water overflow is just the pelvic floor. If the water loss, all mosaic wilt, and to quickly put the shade drenched, if 1-2 hours after the normal upright, prosperous, you pull it out of the So that leaves pale yellow, the flowers become smaller, and even lead to the differentiation of leaves and flower buds just shrinking. You can pay for convenience, take place directly in the sale of specialty fertilizer to buy cyclamen; also personally prepared to get some bottles and jars: N: P: K (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, the same below) = 0.5:1 : 2. Concentration of 0.2%, with a half months, the PH of water to ≤ 7, is acidic. If the local water alkaline big, you need to prepared with ferrous sulfate or vinegar, and then hand-colored cards than PH paper and determine the pH. With the continued flowering cyclamen
, fewer and fewer plant nutrients, disease resistance is relatively weakened, if the indoor air is not good then, it is easy to increase the disease risk. To prevent occurrence of disease, usually spray once every 1000 times a half months or chlorothalonil carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl can be 800 times. Once aphids, spider mite or white soil nematodes, foliar spray can be 800 times omethoate and applied 0.1 g / pot of carbofuran granules, the basin to keep clean, diligent basin a few leaves, clean, dry flowers. Conservation are also to note that the indoor ventilation, preferably in the morning and evening sunlight is not strong and the temperature is appropriate, let it take a deep breath in the air of freedom 1-2 hours.
5-8 monthly air temperature gradually increased, less dry flowers. To let it grow and bloom normally, it is best for a large bowl, add appropriate amount of humus, on the balcony, or other good ventilation and shade, often to the leaves to water, to supplement the evaporation of water, increase air humidity . Spray once every half month for the 0.1% KH2PO4 concentration of fertilizer, a soil applied fertilizer N: P: K = 1:0.7:2, the concentration of 0.1%, so that it can continue to bloom after the weather turns cooler in September, is Sin time off to grow active. The new leaves grow slowly stretch, part of the old leaves began to yellow atrophy, can remove yellow leaves, once every 10 days poured N: P: K = 10:15:20 mixture of liquid fertilizer, the concentration 0.1%, in order to prepare it bloom again later. Do not forget, bactericidal drugs have regularly sprayed over the same period.
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